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little stretch and wrong way - A brief history of Bretocino

Chronica Minora

Bretocino The site is located on a hill on the right bank Esla, very close to its confluence with the Tera, 710 m. on sea level. From here, the river begins to fit into the Paleozoic basement, passing almost the case until its confluence with the Douro and leaving in its margins, in some places, several levels of terrace. The township is bounded on the north by the Olmillos de Valverde and Milles of gunpowder, to the east with Bret and south by Faramontanos of Tabara.

The archaeological remains found at the end of Bretocino testify human presence in the Lower Paleolithic. Composed of lithic bifaces, trihedral, cleavers, cut edges, scrapers, and others have been found in the payment of "The Head", "Corrales", "Rozada" and "criminal", belonging to the so-called Acheulean culture. Similar industries are found in Santa Marta de Tera, Villabrázaro and Benavente.

Regardless of other later prehistoric occupation, the territory gained notoriety in Roman times, being close to Praetorium (Ominous identified with Bret), one of the mansions of the road from Merida to Astorga, later known as Via Plate. Indeed, at this time are documented several archaeological sites. In "The Nogales have been taken up various circulars and hand mills" round brick. " In "Los Collados" on the right side of the road from Bretocino Olmillos Valverde leads have been found tegulae Type "decadent" in the words of Virgil Sevillano.

Focusing on more recent times, in which there is now a documentary record, the origin of the current population center refers to the process of early medieval settlement. In the sources there are references to place names as Bret, straps, Breto Major and Minor Breto, which show la vinculación tradicional de ambas localidades, a pesar de la separación física que podía suponer el río Esla. No obstante, esta circunstancia quedaba solventada, quizás, por la existencia de un vado en el cauce, utilizado desde tiempo inmemorial, como paso de ganados y personas. La sabiduría popular ha perpetuado las dificultades de comunicación entre las dos localidades hermanas con el célebre dicho: "De Bretó a Bretocino, poco trecho y mal camino".

En 951 se menciona en un documento del monasterio de Sahagún la vía “de Breto que vadit a Morerola”. Una de las primeras menciones a ambas localidades la encontramos in the charter granted by Alfonso VII in 1129 to the town of Castrotorafe, which include Breto and straps as the new boundaries of the district council. Wamba Division, spoof of the late eleventh or early twelfth century, says Bret as one of the limits of the diocese of Zamora. Depending on the version offered by the Chronicle of Alfonso X El Sabio: "Ell bishopric of Numancia, this is Camora, Penna has the fasta Gusendo Tormes or are the banner of King Val yazen sobrel, et dalli fasta in Douro, e Prima fasta Villalal Oter of assi as ua about fasta Breto Rio Seco, and the fasta Tauara in Duero. "

early thirteenth century figure Bretocino as a place where the Kings of Leon have a variety of royal estates, goods that end up joining the monastery Moreruela heritage. Thus, in 1214 Alfonso IX notify councils and mayors Villafáfila Benavente and donating to the monastery all you have in your royal inheritance of Bretocino and Villafáfila. This privilege would be confirmed by subsequent monarchs. The interest of the Cistercian abbey here is explained by the existence of an important set of mills on the banks of Esla, which extended the terms of Bret and Bretocino.

In the thirteenth century the monastery was doing with different rights property through purchase or donation of the same individuals. In 1243 a total of ten heirs to the monks sold their share in the dam of the mill "Peniellas" in Bretocino. As a result of the rising use of the Cistercian Order in the town, established a monastic farm, similar to many others that owned the monastery in his dominions in the north of Zamora, from which was given its inherent wealth and income. This farm is documented at least since 1222, when given in prestimonio the dean of Astorga, Pedro Suero.

From the administrative standpoint, Bretocino was in the Middle Ages a village belonging the administrative district of the Council of Benavente, integrated in the Riba de Tera Merindad, as shown, for example, in the minutes of the council of 1434. A year earlier, the establishment of its contribution to the Royal Order, which is fi xed on the amount of 980 mrs. This amount represents one of the largest paid by the residents of the villages of that merindad, just below the sites of Santa Croy and Melgar, which gives us an idea of \u200b\u200bits population and economic strength in the context of the district benaventano.

establishing

In 1398 Benavente County through the donation made by the King Henry III to Portuguese nobleman Don Juan Alfonso Pimentel. Thus, Bretocino is integrated into the realms of greatness. During the fifteenth century, the boat on Esla will become a source of frequent disputes between the monastery and the council Moreruela Benavente.
The existence of privately owned boats was, without doubt, a constant threat to the exploitation of rights Concejil main bridge over the region: Castrogonzalo bridge. Moreover, as this is a bridge that required substantial resources, given its continuing reconstruction and repair, municipal authorities could not afford to withstand competition from these vessels extraconcejiles.

Bretocino The boat had a particular interest for the monastery because, as noted above, in the vicinity were an important group of mills, fisheries and the Priory of hole. In the fourteenth century and there is evidence of the existence of a boat at this place, which should control the monastery, although the inheritance of his property were delivered to the bishop of Astorga prestimonio.

In 1434 the chapter held by the monks in his monastery approved the exchange of a field that was the convent of Yuso Ferreras, Manzanal ally, Folgoso, Walnut and the meadows of Santa Cruz, in exchange for 15,000 mrs. to swear, of 26,000 mrs. I had the Count of Benavente, located in the sales tax Zamora wine and the boat Bretocino. A few days later, Count Rodrigo Alfonso Pimentel license granted to the Council of Benavente to hand over the monastery's boat Bretocino Moreruela, prohibiting the council to other vessels from the terms of miles up the channel Carrizal Dam. It also allowed the vassals of the count go to the mills grind del Hoyo, graze their animals, cut grass, remove stone from the quarry to repair the mills and fisheries and, ultimately, free to sell the fish caught.

During the sixteenth century, Bretocino remains a place of passage, on the road leading from Villafáfila Benavente, just Hernando Colon as revealed in his "cosmography of Spain (1517-1519): Villafafila is in the land of fields and is village of five hundred inhabitants and is on the flat and has a salt and wood is poor, is Don Pedro Pimentel and Benavente fasta ay four leagues and leagues are on Brete two and half and by half a league bretoçino.

benaventano As a village of the district, Bretocino should also contribute in those works of general interest to the community. One of them was the repair of Benavente walls. Works consisting of mud walls up in the areas of the fence were in poor condition or had been demolished. So in 1655, within the context of the war with Portugal, which eventually end with the independence of the neighboring country in 1668, there was a job to provide all villages and places of the council. To each was assigned a sector of the wall. In particular, it corresponded to our town: "six walls of the two frames and the stonework rrecivimentos ssal the Puerta de Santa Cruz on the left."

This document has its interest also because this time Bretocino figure included within the Merindad of Valverde, and not in the Tera Merindad, as reflected in the divisions of the XV century. In the same Merindad Valverde continue in the eighteenth century, as reflected in the list of places and villages that offer Berdum de Espinosa, in his "Rights of the Counts of Benavente to the greatness of first class", published in Madrid in 1753, fol. 54.

During the nineteenth century various geographical and historical dictionaries offer prints of various English cities. Sebastian Bedoya Miñano and in his "Gazetteer, Statistics of Spain and Portugal", in relation to Bretocino includes the following:

"Bretocino, LS Esp, Valladolid, part. De Benavente, bishop. In Astorga. AP, 58 vec., 232 inhabitants, 1 para., 1 tank. Sit. in rolling hills that dominate a plain, watered by the river Esla, with his confl uence with Tera. Produces wheat, rye and legumes. Rs 949 Cont. 8 mrs. Derec. Enagas. 544 rs. "

For its part, Pascual Madoz, in his famous Dictionary, offers an interesting description of the situation in our town in the mid-nineteenth century:

" Bretocino. City to City Hall in the province of Zamora (9 miles) BENAVENTE judicial district of (1 1 / 2), Diocese of Astorga (11), regional court and captain general of Valladolid (16): situated on a plain just 100 steps from the river Órbigo, with free ventilation and healthy climate. Has 42 single-story houses, very small and not very neat your front yard each; parish church (St. Paul), served by a priest, which is adjacent to the cemetery and two permanent water sources, but unused. Na Confi Olmillos North, East Bret, Sur la Dehesa called Las Mangas, and West Friesen, all at 1 / 2 hour away. The land is of good quality and all plain. At 200 paces south of town, is directed meadow of Las Mangas owned by the Count of Benavente.
* This text was written in collaboration with José Ignacio Martín Benito. It is part, with some variations Handbook historical submitted for the proposed shield and flag Bretocino.
Images: 1. Shield Bretocino 2. Overview of the town from the river [Photo courtesy of F. Gallego] 3. Parish Church [Photo courtesy of F. Gallego, 4. Esla river from the modern bridge [Photo courtesy of F. Gallego], 5. Main entrance of the church [Photo R. González] and 6. Entrance to the cemetery [Photo. R. González].