Chronica Minora
Very few certainties we have about the last days of King Ferdinand II of León (1137-1188). Unlike other medieval kings, chronicles just provide details about the causes and circumstances of his death. As pointed out by Julio González, since the royal chancery dispatched in those years with extraordinary generosity, and very partially, it is possible much of their acts were canceled at the successor to the throne, and therefore had to miss the diplomas.
Of the doings of the court in 1187, last year of the king, we know that on June 8 Fernando Benavente was with his son and his wife Urraca Alfonso Lopez de Haro, where he moved to Salamanca 13 Leon August and 13 September.
find the king in November in Santiago de Compostela, which released a privilege on the 8th to the monastery of Moraime. This news not measured by Julio González, gives some verisimilitude version maintained by some authors as Madoz, whereby the King of Leon have washed up in Benavente sick after a pilgrimage to the tomb of the Apostle.
In Benavente should be the royal family in December, since the 18th of that month Fernando advised the town council of the sale of the estate of Escorriel: "cum consilio et auctoritate regis filii sui et Domnius Fernandi domini regis et dominate Adefonsi regine Urrache Lupi. " (with the advice and authority of King Ferdinand, his son Don Alfonso and his wife, Queen Urraca López).
All indications are that the court spent the Christmas of that year in Benavente, perhaps with the monarch already seriously ill. The latest legal action documented by the royal chancery corresponds to January 14, 1188. That day, from Benavente, Don Fernando, his wife Dona Urraca, donated to the Bishop of Oviedo's third of the income of Avilés. It is very significant the absence of an heir, and this has given rise to all sorts of speculation.
Prince Alfonso was not the son of Queen Urraca López de Haro, third wife of the king, but Urraca of Portugal, his first wife, daughter of Alfonso I of Portugal and Mafalda of Savoy. Historiography attributed to the queen consort conspiracy to sit on the throne to his son Alfonso Sancho prejudice. Haunted by her stepmother in the last days of King of Leon, Alfonso would have been forced to leave the court and seek refuge Portugal, where the road met the death of his father.
The news of the death of Ferdinand II in Benavente is contained in the "Chronicon Mundi of Lucas de Tuy, where he was taken, almost verbatim, by other reporters later. The tudense, but errs in calculating the years of his reign, reports of his burial in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, near the remains of his mother, Empress Berengaria, and his grandfather, Count Raymond of Burgundy:
"Caeterum rex anno regni Fernandus consummato congratulate fiftieth cousin, apud obiit Beneventum et in ecclesia sancti Apostoli Iacobi circa tumulum matris suae, et avi sui comitis Reymundi sepultus est ".
For its part, the" First Cr or unique General "tells of the events as follows: Et
this king Don Fernando de Leon, dell fixed Emperor brother of King et Sancho Castiello, finishes and with a good walk ç to your anno XXI in regno regno, fine in the village of Benavent: et buried it in the Sant eglesia of Gallizia Yague, near his grandfather lying Count Don Remond and near the Empress donna et Berenguella his mother ... Et fie heir of Don Leon Alffonsso, fixed this king Don Fernando et de la reyna ng Do to Urraca, fixed Alffonsso of King of Portugal.
The chronic Lucas de Tuy and Jiménez de Rada, the chronologically closer to the facts, fail to specify the month and day of death. To approximate this data debemosmos medieval use obituaries. Thus, in the obituary of San Isidoro de Leon, the "XII Kalends februarii" (January 21). However, the date most commonly accepted by historians is 22 January. The full record of that obituary, scored on dates close to death, is as follows: "Obiit famulus Fredenandus Dei rex, filius Imperatoris Adefonsi. Sub CC was M ª ª ª XXVI.
a sale at San Marcos de Le or notarized n on January 29, 1188 and entered the coronation of new king: "Regnante domna Adefonso Legione regeneration, Strematura, et in Asturiis Gallecia."
Sendos diplomas monastery of San Mart í n Casta ñ eda , dated February 1188, without specifying the d í a, suggest that it was still well aware of the death of Lion King, perhaps because they were celebrating the funeral, or at least remained a force í mourning. "Rege et filius eius Fernando obeunte succedent" and "Facta CC letter was M ª ª ª XXVI obitum ad regis mense februari Fernando. Regente Ildefonso rege in Legione, Gallecia, Asturiis, Extremadura. Another document m to s of a ñ or 1188 of this monastery again refers to the event: "Facta karta in was M ª dc ª XX th VI anno quo Mortuus est rex Fernandus accepit et filius eius regnum ".
The choice of the Cathedral of Santiago as a burial place seems to respond to the desire of the monarch to create at the tomb of the Apostle a new pantheon, relegating to second the traditional level of San Isidoro de León. Evidence of this are already in 1180, when Ferdinand II, with the advice of his curia meeting in Benavente, strengthen the church Santiago previous donations and the Foreign Ministry, chaplaincy and actual tomb for both him and his successors: "confirm et ipsi aecclesiae cancellariam grant, capellaniam et meam et sucessorurum meorum sepulturam."
These decisions are not surprising as the King of Leon maintained a special relationship with Galicia. They had spent his early years and there had his strongest political supporters. In Santiago frequently find on the cut, sometimes a political necessity, but also undoubtedly for religious reasons. You should also take into account the momentum created by the Crown for the construction of the basilica, the patronage of the teacher Matthew and his imprint on the Portico of Glory, but the king did not get to see the placement of your heads in April 1188. Finally, under the title of Apostle was put the militia of the "fratres de Cáceres" This is the Order of Santiago.
But after the death of the king in Benavente, plans should not take place as planned. In May 1188 his son Alfonso IX from Zamora recounted how, despite the clear desire expressed by his father to be buried in Santiago, unidentified persons had taken the body for burial elsewhere. It has always seen in this episode the hidden hand of the queen Urraca López de Haro, his stepmother, who was acting scene for a final attempt, ultimately unsuccessful, to preserve the rights to the throne of his son Sancho.
The original pantheon of the kings of the Cathedral of Santiago was built in an area of \u200b\u200bthe north transept, known as the Chapel of San Lorenzo. In 1211 Alfonso IX gave the tithe of the brands that were paid in Compostela to provide a priest who should celebrate daily mass at the altar of this newly constructed chapel: "in loco ubi pater meus rex Domnus Fernandus, bone memorie , sepultus altare est in honorem Sancti Laurencii statuistis construxistis et ut pro animabus Imperatoris, AUI mei, et iam dicti Patris mei, et auorurn meorum parentum necnon. Although the documentary references, very little is known about the grade setting of this area funeral, not as compartmentalized into the end of the cruise.
Here maintained until the royal tombs as a result of remodeling, under Charles I, moved to its present location, the call Chapel of the Relics, near the south aisle. When Moarales Ambrose visited the cathedral in 1572 warned the lack of some titles and identifying existing reservations about his identity:
"The Kings are buried in this Holy Church had on the cruise chapel next to the Gospel, to s behind the tall door of the cruiser, leaving the home of the Archbishop, but because it was at all disfigured and í the Church, and there was no place high honor, the Emperor, who est to Heaven, gave license from switching to the chapel of the council, called agora de los Reyes. All n est to its high stone tombs, which on the other chapel have an í distributed to the sides of the altar by this order. Next to the Gospel, King Ferdinand of Leon, son of Emperor Don Alonso, the brother of Don Sancho el Deseado. It é l est to his son King Don Alonso de Le or n, father of King Ferdinand the Saint. The graves do not have t t no titles, but be understood to mean being of the Kings already mentioned, for having understood and preserved as per tradition í or n of each other. "
By 1625-1630 the Royal Mausoleum was renovated and became the present Chapel of the Relics. has access from the lobby by an archway flavor mixtilineal Salamanca, on which weapons abound lineage Fonseca and a skull in the key . Is this a vaulted space with influences of g or franc é tico s, originally chaired by a magnificent Mannerist altarpiece, now largely lost. Should be at this time when they were added to each of the monuments new epitaphs, but not well known arguments. Gil González Dávila transcribed all the entries, including that of Fernando II, in his "Teatro metropolitan church of churches and cathedrals of the kingdoms of Castile," published in 1640:
Yaze
Serafin Moralejo A few years ago, based mainly on stylistic criteria, proposed a revision of traditional correspondence between graves and monarchs, so that the reclining sculpture attributed to Fernando II actually correspond Alfonso IX, and vice versa.
Images: 1. Tomb traditionally attributed to Fernando II [Courtesy Dirk van der EECKE] 2. Gold penny Fernando II, 3. Thumbnail Fernando II in Tumbo A de la Catedral de Santiago, 4. Detail of the tomb traditionally attributed to Fernando II [Photo courtesy of Dirk van der EECKE] and 5 . Epitaph of Ferdinand II, under Gil González Dávila.
Of the doings of the court in 1187, last year of the king, we know that on June 8 Fernando Benavente was with his son and his wife Urraca Alfonso Lopez de Haro, where he moved to Salamanca 13 Leon August and 13 September.
find the king in November in Santiago de Compostela, which released a privilege on the 8th to the monastery of Moraime. This news not measured by Julio González, gives some verisimilitude version maintained by some authors as Madoz, whereby the King of Leon have washed up in Benavente sick after a pilgrimage to the tomb of the Apostle.
In Benavente should be the royal family in December, since the 18th of that month Fernando advised the town council of the sale of the estate of Escorriel: "cum consilio et auctoritate regis filii sui et Domnius Fernandi domini regis et dominate Adefonsi regine Urrache Lupi. " (with the advice and authority of King Ferdinand, his son Don Alfonso and his wife, Queen Urraca López).
All indications are that the court spent the Christmas of that year in Benavente, perhaps with the monarch already seriously ill. The latest legal action documented by the royal chancery corresponds to January 14, 1188. That day, from Benavente, Don Fernando, his wife Dona Urraca, donated to the Bishop of Oviedo's third of the income of Avilés. It is very significant the absence of an heir, and this has given rise to all sorts of speculation.
Prince Alfonso was not the son of Queen Urraca López de Haro, third wife of the king, but Urraca of Portugal, his first wife, daughter of Alfonso I of Portugal and Mafalda of Savoy. Historiography attributed to the queen consort conspiracy to sit on the throne to his son Alfonso Sancho prejudice. Haunted by her stepmother in the last days of King of Leon, Alfonso would have been forced to leave the court and seek refuge Portugal, where the road met the death of his father.
"Caeterum rex anno regni Fernandus consummato congratulate fiftieth cousin, apud obiit Beneventum et in ecclesia sancti Apostoli Iacobi circa tumulum matris suae, et avi sui comitis Reymundi sepultus est ".
For its part, the" First Cr or unique General "tells of the events as follows: Et
this king Don Fernando de Leon, dell fixed Emperor brother of King et Sancho Castiello, finishes and with a good walk ç to your anno XXI in regno regno, fine in the village of Benavent: et buried it in the Sant eglesia of Gallizia Yague, near his grandfather lying Count Don Remond and near the Empress donna et Berenguella his mother ... Et fie heir of Don Leon Alffonsso, fixed this king Don Fernando et de la reyna ng Do to Urraca, fixed Alffonsso of King of Portugal.
The chronic Lucas de Tuy and Jiménez de Rada, the chronologically closer to the facts, fail to specify the month and day of death. To approximate this data debemosmos medieval use obituaries. Thus, in the obituary of San Isidoro de Leon, the "XII Kalends februarii" (January 21). However, the date most commonly accepted by historians is 22 January. The full record of that obituary, scored on dates close to death, is as follows: "Obiit famulus Fredenandus Dei rex, filius Imperatoris Adefonsi. Sub CC was M ª ª ª XXVI.
a sale at San Marcos de Le or notarized n on January 29, 1188 and entered the coronation of new king: "Regnante domna Adefonso Legione regeneration, Strematura, et in Asturiis Gallecia."
Sendos diplomas monastery of San Mart í n Casta ñ eda , dated February 1188, without specifying the d í a, suggest that it was still well aware of the death of Lion King, perhaps because they were celebrating the funeral, or at least remained a force í mourning. "Rege et filius eius Fernando obeunte succedent" and "Facta CC letter was M ª ª ª XXVI obitum ad regis mense februari Fernando. Regente Ildefonso rege in Legione, Gallecia, Asturiis, Extremadura. Another document m to s of a ñ or 1188 of this monastery again refers to the event: "Facta karta in was M ª dc ª XX th VI anno quo Mortuus est rex Fernandus accepit et filius eius regnum ".
These decisions are not surprising as the King of Leon maintained a special relationship with Galicia. They had spent his early years and there had his strongest political supporters. In Santiago frequently find on the cut, sometimes a political necessity, but also undoubtedly for religious reasons. You should also take into account the momentum created by the Crown for the construction of the basilica, the patronage of the teacher Matthew and his imprint on the Portico of Glory, but the king did not get to see the placement of your heads in April 1188. Finally, under the title of Apostle was put the militia of the "fratres de Cáceres" This is the Order of Santiago.
But after the death of the king in Benavente, plans should not take place as planned. In May 1188 his son Alfonso IX from Zamora recounted how, despite the clear desire expressed by his father to be buried in Santiago, unidentified persons had taken the body for burial elsewhere. It has always seen in this episode the hidden hand of the queen Urraca López de Haro, his stepmother, who was acting scene for a final attempt, ultimately unsuccessful, to preserve the rights to the throne of his son Sancho.
Here maintained until the royal tombs as a result of remodeling, under Charles I, moved to its present location, the call Chapel of the Relics, near the south aisle. When Moarales Ambrose visited the cathedral in 1572 warned the lack of some titles and identifying existing reservations about his identity:
"The Kings are buried in this Holy Church had on the cruise chapel next to the Gospel, to s behind the tall door of the cruiser, leaving the home of the Archbishop, but because it was at all disfigured and í the Church, and there was no place high honor, the Emperor, who est to Heaven, gave license from switching to the chapel of the council, called agora de los Reyes. All n est to its high stone tombs, which on the other chapel have an í distributed to the sides of the altar by this order. Next to the Gospel, King Ferdinand of Leon, son of Emperor Don Alonso, the brother of Don Sancho el Deseado. It é l est to his son King Don Alonso de Le or n, father of King Ferdinand the Saint. The graves do not have t t no titles, but be understood to mean being of the Kings already mentioned, for having understood and preserved as per tradition í or n of each other. "
By 1625-1630 the Royal Mausoleum was renovated and became the present Chapel of the Relics. has access from the lobby by an archway flavor mixtilineal Salamanca, on which weapons abound lineage Fonseca and a skull in the key . Is this a vaulted space with influences of g or franc é tico s, originally chaired by a magnificent Mannerist altarpiece, now largely lost. Should be at this time when they were added to each of the monuments new epitaphs, but not well known arguments. Gil González Dávila transcribed all the entries, including that of Fernando II, in his "Teatro metropolitan church of churches and cathedrals of the kingdoms of Castile," published in 1640:
Yaze
HERE THE EL REY DON FERNANDO DE LEON
SEGVNDO , SON OF
SEGVNDO DON ALONSO RAMON EMPEROR AND EMPRESS
OF DOÑA BERENGVELA,
FIRST SV MVGER: DIED IN THE TOWN OF BENAVENTE
ERA 1226. AND MAN-DO
SEPVLTARSE in this chapel,
SV Grandparents JVNTO A COUNT OF DON RAMON
BURGUNDY AND MOTHER SV DA EMPRESS
BERENGVELA.
Serafin Moralejo A few years ago, based mainly on stylistic criteria, proposed a revision of traditional correspondence between graves and monarchs, so that the reclining sculpture attributed to Fernando II actually correspond Alfonso IX, and vice versa.
Images: 1. Tomb traditionally attributed to Fernando II [Courtesy Dirk van der EECKE] 2. Gold penny Fernando II, 3. Thumbnail Fernando II in Tumbo A de la Catedral de Santiago, 4. Detail of the tomb traditionally attributed to Fernando II [Photo courtesy of Dirk van der EECKE] and 5 . Epitaph of Ferdinand II, under Gil González Dávila.
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