1 .- BIOGRAPHICAL APPROACH My childhood memories are of a patio Seville,
and a garden where the mature lemon tree
my youth, twenty years in the land of Castile
my story, few things you do not want.
( Campos de Castilla, 1912)
1.1. Sevilla, 1875-1883
born in Seville on July 26, 1875. It was the second son of Antonio Machado y Alvarez and Ana Ruiz. His father was a noted scholar of folklore and his grandfather was Professor of Natural Sciences at the University of Seville. The ideological climate that was present in his family was a liberal progressive, very close to krausismo. This familial condition the life, work and thought of Antonio Machado.
1.2. Madrid, 1883-1907
In 1883, the family must move to Madrid, as the grandfather obtained a professorship at the Universidad Central and the Machado family financially dependent on him. Once in Madrid, Antonio Machado studied in the Free Institution of Teaching Francisco Giner de los Ríos. Strongly influence this institution in himself, bringing, among other values \u200b\u200b
- Rationalism.
- Love of nature.
- taste for dialogue as a means of learning.
- Interest in popular folklore.
- rating work.
- secular education.
These values \u200b\u200bcan be seen in all his work, but the poem is dedicated to Francisco Giner de Los Rios (1) better which states:
| As was the master , light this morning told me three days Van Francisco my brother does not work. Did he die? ... only know that he left us a clear road, saying: Make me a duel of work and hope. Be good and no more, be what I have been among you: a soul. Vivid, life goes on, the dead are dead and the shadows pass; leads who leaves and lives he has lived. Anvils, dream, silence, bells! And purer light to another | brother broke the light of dawn, the sun workshops, the jolly old saint's life. ... Oh, yes, friends, carry your body the mountain, the blue peaks of the width Guadarrama! There are deep ravines green pines where the wind sings. His heart rests under an oak caste, ground thyme, where they play gilded butterflies ... There teacher one day dreamed of a new flowering of Spain. |
(1) Don Francisco Giner, founder of the Free Institution of Education, was one of the professors Machado loved and admired. The poem, written after three days of dying Giner, the magazine was published in Spain on February 26, 1915.
In 1889 began high school studies, which take place irregularly and not get finished until 1900.
Madrid These early years are training and approach to literature to support gatherings, the bohemian life of Madrid, some publications and collaborations in the beginning of his poetic work as modernist trends that were fashionable at the time. In recent years
second trip to Paris in 1899 and 1902 - where she meets Ruben Dario which learn important lessons that poetic and always admire.
In 1903 appeared the first book of Antonio Machado - Solitudes - and begins to edit the magazine Helios, which will work most interesting poets of Modernism: Antonio and Manuel Machado, Villaespesa, Juan Ramón Jiménez, Valle Inclan, among others.
1.3. Soria, 1907-1912
contested to decide in 1906 to French chairs of secondary schools and earned a place in Soria where he lived until 1912.
In 1907 he published his second book, Solitudes. Galleries. Other poems . In 1909 Machado married Leonor Izquierdo, a young 15-year-old daughter of the owners of the boarding house where he lived.
Between 1910 and 1911 lives in Paris where he received a grant to extend studies of French philology. While in Paris in the summer of 1911, the wife of Antonio Machado ill with tuberculosis and the couple must return to Soria. A year later, Leonor die, following which it decided to abandon Soria Antonio Machado.
In 1912 Campos de Castilla published few days before the death of his wife. 1.4. Baeza, 1912-1919
Antonio Machado In 1912 he moved to Baeza. It's reunion with his land of Andalusia birth, although the state of mind after the death of the wife is completely dejected.
In Baeza, Machado, will meet with provincial Andalusia, boring, that the poet will be very critically. While in Baeza, Antonio Machado began writing The complementary , a notebook that will be published after the poet's death in Seville.
see the light in 1917 an anthology of his poetry and the first edition of his Complete Poems . 1.5. Segovia, 1919-1932
Machado in 1919 obtained a place in the Institute of Segovia. Antonio Machado in Segovia find an environment more in keeping with their cultural tastes and begin to participate in the activities of the recent People's University, which aims at spreading culture to the social sectors are traditionally more away from it. In recent years, the author writes mostly literary criticism and essays, gradually abandoning poetry.
In 1924 appeared the book of poems New Songs, which includes poems written in Baeza and Segovia. It begins in the years to write plays in collaboration with his brother Manuel.
In 1927 he was elected member of the Royal Academy, but did not occupy his chair.
1928 is an important date because it knows Pilar Valderrama, a woman who will become the Guiomar of his last poems, and which maintain a relationship that will truncate the outbreak of the Civil War in 1936:
............. ..... From sea to sea between the two war .................. deeper than the sea (...)
.................. The war gave the strongest pit love (...)
1.6. Madrid, 1932-1936
In 1932 finally gets moving to Madrid, where he participates in the cultural environments of the capital. In
1936 saw the publication of Juan de Mairena, a work that brings together previously published articles in newspapers and magazines.
1.7. Madrid, Valencia, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bCollioure, 1936-1939
in 1936 declaring the Civil War and Antonio Machado take sides decidedly republican legality, working in magazines and cultural activities Republican. In November 1936, before the siege of the capital of Spain, Antonio Machado moved to Valencia.
1937: publishes a book War, which contains poems and prose with themes and motifs revolve around race.
De Valencia will move, and sick to Barcelona and from there, due to the proximity of the Franco forces, will go into exile in January 1939.
February 22, 1939 in the French town of Collioure, the poet dies. The last verse I wrote said ... ......................................... These days the sun blue and childhood
0 comments:
Post a Comment