Things have weight - Tariff Council of Benavente toll Chronica Minora
various taxes were levied on the circulation of commodities in the Middle Ages, but the toll was undoubtedly one of the most emblematic of them all. The toll was, in general, an indirect tax which affects the transit of goods. His precise and detailed definition is problematic, since the time when there is a varied terminology to refer to a group of enforcement in some cases equivalent: portadigo, portagem, passgem, pedaticum, pontagium, passaticum, portorium, leavens, etc.
 |
| Mercado en la Plaza Mayor (Archivo Ledo del Pozo) |
En las Partidas, el cobro de estos derechos viene justificado como una compensación por la seguridad de la que gozan los mercaderes en sus desplazamientos por el reino, fijando una tasa general de la octava parte del valor de las mercancías: "Guisada cosa es e con razón, que pues los mercades son seguros e amparados del Rey por todo su señorío, que ellos e todas sus cosas conozcan señorío, dándole portadgo de aquello que a su tierra traxeren a vender e sacaren ende". Una definición de portazgo podría se la de "la renta obtenida de la introducción de los productos market and their movement through the channels of commerce. "tax Other variants differ only in the sense of physical place satisfied. Thus pontazgo paid for crossing the bridge, while the barcaje is required to cross rivers by boat. The castillería or castillaje was the right that was paid to cross the territory of a fortress.
The collection of tolls in Benavente and his land-as happened with the commercial activities "is attested from the same period of restocking. Most likely in the first charter of the town, given by Ferdinand II, and we have only fragmentary information, and the exemption is explicitly regulated payment for the villagers of the district Concejil.
toll tariffs transcribed in this study belong to the fifteenth century. A period in which the management and leasing of the tax was in the hands of the council, but, as with other income municipal councils, provided under the mediation and supervision of the Count of Benavente.
In Benavente, the toll is linked intimately to castillaje or castillería. The castillaje, as its name reveals, was originally connected to the military function of the town, and in particular the maintenance of strength. Would be related to the powers of the district as a district Concejil military. Through this territory with goods involved the exercise of certain rights, which initially would be perceived exclusively by the governor's strength, but at this time advanced this century is the Count who controls both the building and its jurisdiction.
benaventanos tariffs are directly proportional to the volume and value of products, distinguishing beast comes the burden of higher and lower load beast. The goods are priced units, livestock, tens, and measures of capacity and weight. The payment of duties, directed primarily to property "of weight aver", intended for sale in both markets, is made in kind and cash, depending on the characteristics of the products subject to tax. There was no apparent demand a special interest or other payment formula. As for the cash used, mention horns as coppers, white old and new money and real. The rate applied is ten a penny money.
 |
| Corrillo Market Day in San Nicolas (File Ledo del Pozo) |
Payment of tolls and castillaje rights became effective in various parts of Concejil territory, although the town was without doubt the main enclave of control. The market days, on Thursday, according to local tradition, the villagers came to Benavente to buy and sell their products. These dates would also, along with the seasons of fairs, the portazgueros peak, coinciding with the time that the foreign production, subject to the tax, the city would reach through the usual communication channels. Precisely in the most crowded places and interests of these roads were located control points coincide with the entrances and exits of the territory of the district, bridges and river fords. Benavente
In the setting of routes and pathways required for merchants, reference points are the gates of the city and the natural pathways leading to them. Fraudsters were considered those travelers who circulate with goods without paying the toll, out of the points used in a radio comprising away from the shrine of St. Lazarus forth from the pontoon to the Puerta Santa Cristina de la Puente and from the chapel of San Anton to the door of Astorga. As we see, these strategic routes cover the town's communications with its district, and with other peripheral regions. Astorga in the door, starts the natural path that leads up the river to the city Órbigo. The bridge of Santa Cristina, also on the Órbigo, communicates with the valley town of Tera and provides access to Galicia by Sanabria, and finally the church of San Lázaro, located outside the walls, along with current transportation center, was on the route linking the door Santa Cruz Bridge Castrogonzalo.
 |
| Fair Candelas (File Ledo del Pozo) |
the wording of the tariffs of Portazgo of Benavente is:
First, the things that are closed aver loads of weight and cloths, more doze mrs beast and the lower six coppers.
Item: of Pelleterie, Cappato and skins and cordovan, twelve maravedis larger beast, and the lower six coppers.
Item: , fish and sardine, twenty and four each load funds, which carry a longing in commo show out of it, and not to aver any other right or decapitate nin cabeça sardine, salba of fresh sardines that sells weight, aver that a greater load of one pound and half lower. This an of pay that may be outside the juresdiçión that Veniero to sell this town and not those of the juresdiçion, or those of the town.
Item: that each load bearing and Verdiel bream and herring needles and oak-and twenty and four money, and those kept in an outside show and fair and no more.
Item: , bearing the wild beasts, to the mrs twelve foals and mare mule or male or six coppers, and two corneas ass and asses beast and the more you load a white ViEX castellaje all time and toll.
Item: , each load bearing vinegar larger beast beast twelve coppers and lower six coppers, and each load of garlic a Ries.
Item: I, each load of fresh fish caught and pay a twenty and four money and dry each load conger eel or a twelve coppers each toll charge, and charge a real fresh conger eel or to choose the vendor who sells, and that if the seller wishes to give a more real eel a seller choose first one load, and then the landlord to take another and more doze qualquisiera turnpike coppers each load, and each load and a bream each load bream and twenty-four of toll money. It is understood that the said charges the merchant pick one thing and another portazguero.  |
| Livestock Market in the Plaza del Grano (Emiliano Pérez Mencia) |
Item: , salmon, salmon each eye monies castellaje four and twenty and four toll money.
Item: of each load of twelve coppers turnpike Açúcar the larger beast, and the lower half, and a pound of Açúcar castellaje.
Item: of linac and flax and wool and Ferrajo tannins and iron and salt and bark and çumaque, every twenty-four loads more money and less money doze.
Item: , the Azera and copper and tin, each load more cargo twelve coppers and lower six coppers.
Item: of each Cavez cattle and the sheep-a white or Goat, ANSI goats and sheep and goats and sheep, each head two previllejados any monies that are non.
Item: of eight wooden carts and toll monies castellaje of which traxeren shovels, trails and tornaderas and stings, a piece of every car and every load more castile a castle and more cargo Rodezno four a penny, and more money from larger beast and the lower two funds, and from the yokes of each load increased twenty and four currencies. This is to pay an out of this town juresdiçión.
Hordenança of things to take from an castellaje, are:
First of cheeses traxeren ten selling cheese cheese arrives, and ten cheeses under each two cheese money.
From Honey of a larger beast and beast quart quart retail. Of the top ten Cidacos a CEDAC.
Item: I, of Escriva and tambourines and baskets and baskets traxeren to sell a piece of ten up and ten down no nothing.
of dried fruit, beast more a bushel and bushel average retail beast, and over the beast over a white old turnpike and less a new one.
ANSI Vercos vegetable such as lettuce, Ravana and onions and turnips, onions ten forks up a pitchfork, and other things of greater load twelve parts and the lower nine and a white old turnpike higher load and less a new one.
In green fruit, cherry and cherries and huvas, a pound of each load higher and the lower half pound. Pears, apples, Menbrillo, grenades, twelve of the highest load maravedís and the lower nine, and the toll of the highest load an old white and the less a new one.
From jewelry and spices, each load increased twelve coppers or jewelry, this is a escoxer of merchants, if traxere cart pay what traxere by four loads.
who differs by the way or spend the night, if not paid the right lost the goods and cattle, and is for the landlord and misguided.
ropes and fish of every twenty-four load funds. Castellaje turnpike and, for each load of ropes and a rope fish two pounds each load.  |
| Fair Candelas (Emiliano Pérez Mencia) |
monies be understood to mean that these rights carry an monies are ten a penny.
Item: that if the landlord'll take more rights than those contained in these conditions, although they say that they give to their level traffickers, who are avid for bribery and theft and to pay sevenfold, and is twenty days in the chain, and quel to posiere guard is forced to deliver if such fiziere it or pay the penalty and such is the twenty days in the chain.
